JAKARTA, AKSIKATA.COM – Bank Dunia menemukan jika 2/3 dari jumlah pekerjaan di Indonesia berada di sektor pertanian atau jasa berkualitas rendah (low quality), per 2018. Ini terkuak dalam laporan Bank Dunia bertajuk Pathways to Middle-Class Jobs in Indonesia.
Status kualitas rendah ini merujuk pada ketidaksesuaian gaji dan benefit yang didapat dengan beban pekerjaan yang diberikan, atau gaji dan benefit yang didapat tidak dapat menunjang kehidupan masyarakat yang lebih sejahtera.
Maria Monica Wihardja, salah satu kontributor Bank Dunia dalam laporan tersebut, menyebutkan kebanyakan status pekerjaan ini disematkan pada para pekerja di sektor informal, seperti di warung makanan, ritel makanan dan minuman hingga pengemudi ojek online.
“Kemudian, di tahun 2019, sebanyak 38,2 persen pekerja adalah pemilik usaha, dan 61,8 persennya merupakan karyawan. Setengah dari pemilik usaha berstatus self-employed, sedangkan 2/3 karyawan bekerja tanpa adanya kontrak,” jelas Monica dalam peluncuran laporan secara daring, Rabu (30/6).
Secara keseluruhan, 3/4 dari jumlah pekerjaan di Indonesia berstatus informal. Produktivitas tenaga kerjanya juga rendah, tercermin dari biaya tenaga kerja per unit yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan kawasan Asia Timur lainnya.
Di sisi lain, porsi pekerjaan berstatus menengah (middle-class) hanya dinikmati sebagian kecil pekerja di Indonesia.
Per tahun 2018, dari 124 juta pekerja di Indonesia, hanya 85 juta pekerja yang mendapat gaji dan benefit. Sisanya ialah pekerjaan yang tidak mendapat gaji dan benefit.
Dari 85 juta pekerjaan tersebut, hanya 15 persen pekerja yang mendapatkan pekerjaan berstatus menengah, dan hanya 4 persen pekerja yang menjadi pegawai tetap dan mendapat benefit sosial yang penuh.
“Meski sebagian besar pekerjaan di Indonesia menyelamatkan dari kemiskinan, mereka (pekerjaan) tetap tidak bisa membawa masyarakat Indonesia berstatus middle-class,” jelas Monica.
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